G.R. No. 29604. July 21, 1928
MACONDRAY & COMPANY, INC., AND FIDELITY & SURETY COMPANY OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, PETITIONERS, VS. THE YANGTSZE INSURANCE ASSN., LTD., AND JOSE CASIMIRO, AS SHERIFF, EX OFFICI…
STREET, J.:
Macondray & Company, Inc., and Fidelity & Surety Company of the
Philippine Islands, seek to obtain a writ of prohibition enjoining the
respondents, Yangtsze Insurance Assn., Ltd., and Jose Casimiro, as ex
officio Sheriff of the City of Manila, from executing a judgment entered in
the Court of First Instance of the City of Manila pursuant to a mandate from the
Supreme Court following upon a decision in which our Second Division affirmed
upon appeal a judgment of said Court of First Instance. The contention of the
petitioners is that the judgment of this court was for an amount in excess of
P10,000 and for this reason beyond the competency of a division of this court.
The cause is now before us upon a demurrer submitted by the attorneys for the
respondents.
The facts necessary to an understanding of the point involved in this
petition are as follows: On December 8, 1922, Yangtsze Insurance Assn., Ltd.,
filed a complaint against Macondray & Company, Inc., and Fidelity &
Surety Company of the Philippine Islands in the Court of First Instance of the
City of Manila, wherein the plaintiff sought to recover jointly and severally of
the defendants the sum of P10,775.30, with interest from the date of the filing
of the complaint and with costs. On January 10, 1923, the defendant Fidelity and
Surety Company of the Philippine Islands filed a general answer denying the
allegations of the complaint; and on March 18, 1924 the defendant Macondray
& Company, Inc., filed an amended answer denying the allegations of the
complaint and setting up various special defenses. In the same answer Macondray
& Company, Inc., by way of cross-complaint, alleged that the obligation
(Exhibit B), which was the subject of the action, had been executed by Macondray
& Company, Inc., without consideration and prayed that said obligation be
declared null and void. The cause having come on for hearing in the Court of
First Instance, his Honor, Judge George R. Harvey, entered judgment in favor of
the plaintiff and against the defendant Macondray & Company, Inc., as
principal, and against the Fidelity & Surety Company of the Philippine
Islands, as surety, for the sum of P7,737.03, with legal interest from December
9, 1922, and costs. His Honor further ordered that the cross-complaint of
defendant Macondray & Company, Inc., be dismissed.
To this judgment the defendants excepted and prosecuted their appeal in
ordinary course, the bill of exceptions having been approved on July 7, 1927.
When the appeal reached the Supreme Court it was heared and decided in the
Second Division before Justices Malcolm, Ostrand, Johns and Villa-Real, the
opinion being written by Mr. Justice Johns. The conclusion reached by the
Justices participating in the decision was that there was no merit in the appeal
and the judgment of the lower court was affirmed, with costs.[1]
To this judgment the defendants-appellants excepted and interposed a motion
for reconsideration and rehearing on the ground that the decision was contrary
to the proven facts and contrary to law. In their argument in support of the
motion for reconsideration the attorneys for the defendants-appellants, in
addition to a discussion of the merits of the case, made the contention that the
amount in controversy was in excess of the jurisdiction of a division of the
Supreme Court and that the judgment entered by this court was therefore null and
void. On March 30, 1928, said motion was heard by the full court and the motion
denied, the Chief Justice taking no part in the resolution. The decision of this
court having been subsequently certified to the Court of First Instance, an
execution was in due course placed in the hands of Jose Casimiro, as ex
officio Sheriff of the City of Manila, for the purpose of executing said
judgment, whereupon, as already stated, the present petition was instituted in
the Supreme Court to stop the proceedings.
Section 138 of the Administrative Code of 1917, in the part material to be
here noted, says:
“Six of the judges of the Supreme Court, lawfully convened, shall be
necessary to form a quorum for the transaction of any business involving the
admiralty jurisdiction of the court, or for the final disposition of a civil
case in which the amount in controversy exceeds ten thousand pesos or a criminal
case in which the judgment of the lower court imposed death, or imprisonment for
more than ten years, or a fine of more than ten thousand pesos, and the
concurrence of five judges shall be necessary for the pronouncement of a
judgment, but when there is a vacancy in said court five judges shall constitute
such quorum, and the concurrence of four shall suffice for the pronouncement of
the judgment. In all other cases the presence of four judges shall be sufficient
to form a quorum, and the concurrence of three judges for the pronouncement of a
judgment.”
Upon this provision the petitioners base their contention to the effect that
the judgment entered by the Second Division of this court, upon appeal in the
civil case abovementioned, was beyond the competency of the court, and therefore
null and void. In this connection attention is directed to the fact that the
judgment rendered by said division, including costs and interest to the date of
the judgment, was in excess of P10,000. m It is also insisted that even apart
from the amount of the judgment awarded to the plaintiff pursuant to the
original complaint, the amount involved in the contention made in the
defendant’s cross-complaint is also in excess of the jurisdictional amount
specified in the statute.
The proposition thus advanced by the petitioners is, in our opinion, not well
founded. In the first place, it is obvious that, in estimating the amount in
controversy for jurisdictional purposes, costs ought not to be taken into
consideration, since the incidence of costs is determined by the result of the
litigation, and the amount of the costs cannot be known until the award of costs
is made. It is quite clear that, in determining the jurisdiction of the court in
civil matters, attention is to be directed to the state of the obligation sued
on at the time the complaint is filed, that is, when the litigious controversy
is first submitted to the jurisdiction of the court.
Upon the point whether interest should be added to the principal in
estimating the amount in controversy, we note that the statute with which we are
here concerned does not expressly indicate whether interest shall be included or
excluded. The expression “amount in controversy” is used without anything being
said about interest. On the other hand, in defining the jurisdiction of Courts
of First Instance and of justices of the peace, the law expressly declares that
interest is to be excluded (subsec. 3, sec. 56 of Act No. 136, and sec. 68 of
Act No. 136). Of course, where the statute expressly so provides, interest must
be excluded.
A cursory examination of the American decisions dealing with the situation
where nothing is said in the statute relative to interest reveals the fact that
the conclusions reached by the different courts are not harmonious, (See title
“Amount in Controversy, vol. I, Encyc, PI. & Pr., pp. 719, 720.) But the
weight of authority would seem to be to the effect that, under such a statute,
when interest is claimed in the complaint, it should be added to the principal
in determining the jurisdictional amount. We may add that it has been the custom
of this court, from an abundance of caution, to cause cases to be submitted to
the full tribunal whenever it appears that the principal obligation, together
with interest, exceeds P10,000.
It is, however, a well established rule that, where the jurisdiction of a
court is dependent upon the amount in controversy, such amount must be
determined by the facts existing at the time when the jurisdiction of the court
is invoked. (Strasburger vs. Beecher, 44 Fed., 209.) In an original action this
time is determined by the filing of the complaint; and in an appeal it must be
considered to be determined as of the moment when the appellate court acquires
jurisdiction of the case. It has been repeatedly held that, where interest
accruing after suit brought is added to the amount recovered before a justice of
the peace, whereby on appeal therefrom a larger amount is recovered than was
recovered before the justice, the jurisdiction of the court will not thereby be
ousted even though the amount thus awarded is in excess of the jurisdiction of a
justice of the peace. (Mitcheltree vs. Sparks, 2 111., 198; Haight vs. McVeagh,
69 111., 624; Bargis vs. Farrar, 45 Ind., 41; Trego vs. Lewis, 58 Pa. St., 463;
Shaw vs. Squires, 153 Pa. St., 150.)
Furthermore, it is well recognized that in cases where the jurisdiction of a
court is restricted by a minimum limit and proper averments of value are made in
the pleadings of the plaintiff, the court will not lose jurisdiction by reason
of the fact that the ultimate recovery is for a less sum than such minimum
limit. The same idea must conversely apply to the situation where the
jurisdiction of the court is restricted by a maximum limit; and in the case of a
division of the Supreme Court, if the amount involved is such as to be within
the competency of a division at the time the cause is brought to this court, the
jurisdiction of the division will not be ousted by the circumstance that
additional interest thereafter raises the amount in controversy to a point in
excess of the statutory amount. As was said by this court in Buenviaje vs.
Director of Lands (49 Phil., 939), jurisdiction refers to something which, if
once possessed by a court, does not vanish in the vicissitudes of decision. A
case cannot be within the competency of a division one day and beyond its
competency on another.
Now, it will be observed, in the case before us, that, although the amount
finally awarded to the plaintiff in this court, as a result of the affirmance of
the judgment of the court below, amounted at the time judgment was here entered
to more than PI0,000, nevertheless the amount in controversy, including both
principal and interest, was less than P10,000 at the time this court acquired
jurisdiction of the cause upon appeal.
The result is that the exception taken by the petitioners to the jurisdiction
of the Second Division of this court in the case of Yangtsze Insurance Assn.,
Ltd., vs. petitioners is not well founded, so far as concerns the action taken
upon the plaintiff’s complaint.
But it is insisted for the petitioners that the cause of action stated in the
cross-complaint of the defendant in the case mentioned involves more than
P10,000 and that the case is thereby put beyond the jurisdiction of a division
of the Supreme Court. This contention is untenable for the reason that the
cross-complaint is merely defensive, and although the petitioners therein seek
to have the contract which is the subject of the complaint declared null and
void for lack of consideration, no cause of action is stated independently of
that stated in the complaint. And even if it were true, as is insinuated in the
argument for the petitioners, that the cross-complaint involves a claim for
something above the amount for which judgment was rendered in the lower court,
the petitioners are here confronted by the fact that the judgment of the trial
court dismissing the cross-complaint does not show affirmatively that the cause
of action stated in the cross-complaint involves an amount in excess of P10,000.
In such a situation, under Rule 30 of this court, it was necessary for the
appellants to submit an affidavit, or affidavits, showing that the amount in
controversy exceeded P10,000, in order to assure that the case would here
receive the attention of the full court.
The demurrer to the petition must therefore be sustained; and the defect from
which the petition suffers being of an incurable nature, an order absolute will
here be entered dismissing the petition, with costs. So ordered.
Avanceña, C. J., Johnson, Malcolm, Villamor, Ostrand, Romualdez, and
Villa-Real, JJ., concur.
[1] Yangtsze Insurance Assn. vs. Macondray & Co.,
and Fidelity & Surety Co. of P. I., G. R. No. 28103, promulgated March 3,
1928, not reported.