IMPOSING THE PENALTY OF DISMISSAL FROM SERVICE ON RESPONDENT OSCAR B. CORPUZ, 1st ASSISTANT CITY PROSECUTOR OF SAN FERNANDO, LA UNION

“THE CASE”

On September 6, 2002, the Commission
received an indorsement letter from the Department of Justice, dated 05
September 2002, signed by the Hon. Jovencito R. Zunio, Chief State
Prosecutor, indorsing and transmitting the entire records of Department
of Justice Adm. Case No. 02-0017-FS entitled, “Jacky Rowena Tiu, et al.,
vs. Asst. City Prosecutor Oscar B. Corpuz, City Prosecution Office of
San Fernando City, La Union”.

By virtue of such indorsement, the
Commission commenced the administrative investigation against 1st
Assistant City Prosecutor Oscar B. Corpus.

The respondent is allegedly guilty of
gross neglect of duty, and/or inefficiency and incompetence in the
performance of official duties when he erroneously charged the accused
Zhang Du a.k.a. Wilson Zhang and Henry Ong only as accessories and not
as principals to the crime of kidnapping for ransom despite the fact
that the evidence against the two accused were sufficient to establish
probable cause that they were co-conspirators in the felony allegedly
committed.

The complaint arose from the issuance by
the respondent of a resolution dated November 19, 2001, wherein he
charged six (6) accused as principals, in the kidnapping of Jacky Rowena
Tiu, namely:

1.         XU YOU KWANG alias TONY CO; JOHNNY CO

2.         SHI JIAN HUI alias JACKY SY

3.         WU CHANG Y LIM

4.         LIM JIANG FENG alias JASON LIM

5.         SHI CHUNG QI alias JACKY OCAMPO Y SY

6.         ZHANG XI WANG alias MICHAEL ZHANG;

and two (2) as accessories, namely:

1.         ZHANG DU alias WILSON ZHANG

2.         HENRY ONG.

The Resolution was thereafter made the basis of the Information which was filed with the trial court.  As
a result of these alleged erroneous findings by the respondent, Zhang
Du was able to post bail and was released from detention.  Henry Ong on the other hand was able to evade prosecution and is still at large.  This
event prompted the victim, Jacky Rowena Tiu to file an administrative
complaint with the DOJ against the herein respondent prosecutor.

The respondent was afforded due process
in the proceedings conducted before the DOJ and was given the
opportunity to defend himself. On August 5, 2002, a Formal Charge was
issued by the DOJ charging the respondent with gross neglect of duty,
and/or inefficiency and incompetence in the performance of official
duties.

In the proceedings before the
Commission, the respondent was required to submit his Answer and a
preliminary conference was scheduled on October 14, 2002.^[1]
A continuation of the said conference was held last October 28, 2002
wherein the parties were required to submit their respective position
papers.

THE CHARGE

Violation of Section 3 (e), Republic Act
3019, as amended, in relation to Sec. 7 (a)(ii) and Sec. 7 (b)(v) of
Department Circular No. 84, s. 2000, in relation to Sec. 27 (i) of Rule
XIV of the Omnibus Rules Implementing Book V of Executive Order No. 292.

THE ISSUE

Whether Or Not The Respondent Is Liable To The Charge Filed Against Him.

THE COMMISSION’S RULING

The defense of the respondent is principally based on the discretionary power he exercised as prosecutor.  Every
prosecutor has the prerogative to classify the offense committed,
classify the participation of the accused in the crime perpetrated, the
determination of the presence of a prima facie case and the discretion
of whether or not to institute criminal action in court.

However, this exercise of discretion is not absolute.  It
must be exercised on the basis of the attendant facts and circumstances
and on the evidence presented and must be in accordance with law.  In the exercise of such discretion, the prosecutor must see to it that no substantial rights are affected or prejudiced.  It presupposes the exercise thereof in accordance with law and guided by the applicable legal principles.  In
other words, discretion must be exercised regularly, legally and within
the confines of procedural due process, i.e., after evaluation of the
evidence.  Any order issued in the absence thereof
is not a product of sound discretion but of whim and caprice and
outright arbitrariness amounting to grave abuse of discretion.

Grave abuse of discretion assumes that
the power is exercised in an arbitrary or despotic manner by reason of
passion or personal hostility, and it must be so patent and gross as to
amount to an evasion of positive duty or to a virtual refusal to perform
the duty enjoined or to act at all in contemplation of law.

^[3]

Respondent is clearly guilty of grave
abuse of discretion and ignorance of the law when he classified the
participation of Zhang Du and Henry Ong as accessory to the crime of
kidnapping for ransom when it clearly shows that no evidence to this
effect has been submitted or borne by the record except their
self-serving testimonies.

Article 19 of the Revised Penal Code (RPC) classified the following as accessories:

‘those who, having knowledge of the
commission of the crime, and without having participated therein, either
as principals or accomplices, take part subsequent to its commission in
any of the following manners:
 

1.      By profiting themselves or assisting the offender to profit by the effects of the crime.

2.      By concealing or destroying the body of the crime, or the effects or instruments thereof, in order to prevent its discovery.

3.      By
harboring, concealing, or assisting in the escape of the principals of
the crime, provided the accessory acts with abuse of his public
functions or whenever the author of the crime is guilty of treason,
parricide, murder, or an attempt to take the life of the Chief
Executive, or is known to be habitually guilty of some other crime.’

The acts of Henry Ong do not fall in any of the above-mentioned categories.  No
evidence or circumstances would show that the he profited himself from
the effects of the crime, neither did he assist the other accused to
profit from the effects thereof.  He did not
conceal nor destroy the body of the crime or the effects or instruments
thereof, and neither did he harbor, conceal or assist in the escape of
the principals of the crime.

The respondent tried to reason out in
his resolution that he charged Henry Ong as an accessory because there
is no showing that the latter participated in the criminal design, nor
did he cooperate in the commission of the felony.  He
stated further that there are indications that Ong had knowledge of the
commission of the crime and that he lent his car and assisted the six
respondents to profit by the effects of the crime and even helped them
in their escape.

This is an erroneous application of the
law and a complete misappreciation of the facts since an accessory
participates after the fact of the commission of the felony. In this
case, Ong’s car was used by his cohorts in kidnapping Jacky Rowena Tiu.  Were it not for Ong’s car, the felony could not have been committed.  Ong
cooperated in the commission of the offense by another act i.e., by
furnishing his other co-conspirators with the Mitsubishi Adventure
without which the crime of kidnapping would not have been accomplished.  Henry
Ong’s participation therefore is that of a principal by indispensable
cooperation as contemplated in Article 17 of the Revised Penal Code and
not as an accessory.

The fact that Ong has evaded prosecution
and is still at large up to the present should have been considered
also by the respondent since this shows that Ong resorted to flight.
Flight evidences culpability and a guilty conscience, and it strongly
indicates a guilty mind or betrays the existence of a guilty conscience.

^[4]

There is more evidence on hand which
would show that the six (6) individuals charged as principals are
co-conspirators with Ong and Zhang Du compared to the baseless
assumptions and weak evidence considered by the respondent in
classifying them as accessories to the crime of kidnapping.  It
is impossible for an experienced prosecutor like the respondent herein
to have overlooked these circumstances or made this patent mistake since
these things are basic in criminal law.

With respect to Zhang Du, we agree with
the complaint DOJ that the following circumstance should have been
considered by the respondent in the classifying his criminal liability:

1.       All of the accused are almost of the same age, jobless and visiting native Chinese from Fookien, China.

2.       All of the same stay in one and the same place and had common address in Tuesday St., Saint Joseph Subdivision, Bacoor, Cavite.

3.       Zhang Du alleged that he is a businessman but no proof whatsoever was presented on what specific business he is engage in.

4.       Zhang Du was positively identified by the kidnap victim as one of the kidnappers.

5.       The evasion from prosecution of Henry Ong and his flight.

The respondent relied heavily on the
denial and alibi of Zhang Du that he just visits Zhang Xi Wang to watch
television there but the fact is that the latter lives in Fortune Village Valenzuela City and not in the safehouse in Bacoor, Cavite where both of them were arrested.  If
Zhang Xi Wang was charged by the respondent as principal for being a
co-conspirator, we find no reason why Zhang Du should not be charged the
same since they were both arrested in the same premises and at the same
time.

Zhang Du’s bare denial and alibi cannot
be given weight as against the categorical and positive identification
by Jacky Rowena Tiu.  The Supreme Court has ruled,
time and again, that alibi is the weakest of all defenses and cannot
stand against strong and positive identification.

^[5]

As held in the case of People of the Philippines vs. Robert Dinglasan y Mangino @ Obet, Reynaldo Tapia y Sorao.

“Positive identification, where
categorical and consistent and without any showing of ill motive on the
part of the eyewitness testifying on the matter, prevails over alibi and
denial which if not substantiated by clear and convincing evidence are
negative and self-serving evidence undeserving of weight in law.”

Further, it is axiomatic that positive testimony prevails over negative testimony.

The victim positively identified Zhang Du as one of the kidnappers.  This statement deserves greater weight than the self-serving denial of the latter.

The statements of the other accused
absolving Zhang Du should have also been discarded by the respondent
because those persons maintain their innocence and is in no position to
declare that Zhang Du did not participate in the felony.  This
should have invited the attention of the respondent because by making
such declaration, the other accused impliedly admitted their liability,
i.e., they were the ones who committed the crime and Zhang Du is not a
participant thereto.  We agree with the complaint
that by giving credence to the statements of the accused, the respondent
raised doubts on the positive identification made by the victim herself
and arrogated unto himself the duty which properly pertains to the
judge with respect to ascertaining the credibility of the testimony of
the accused and the witnesses.

Based on the foregoing circumstances and
evidence, no other implication can be derived therefrom except the fact
that there is conspiracy among the eight (8) accused. Respondent Corpuz
failed to appreciate this.  He clearly manifested
that he is incompetent and inefficient in the performance of his
official duties and in effect caused undue injury to the
victim/complainant.  He intentionally overlooked
certain facts and circumstances of weight and influence which are
material to the case including the circumstances which show that the
accused acted in concert and conspired with each other to perpetrate the
kidnapping of Jack Rowena Tiu.

Respondent is liable for violation of Sec. 3 (e) of R.A. 3019.  In Ponce de Leon v. Sandiganbayan,

the Supreme Court enumerated the elements of this offense as follows:

“(1)         That the accused are public officers or private persons charged in conspiracy with them;

(2)          That
said public officers or private persons commit the prohibited acts
during the performance of their official duties or in relation to their
public positions;

(3)          That they cause undue injury to any party, whether the Government or a private party;

(4)          That such injury is caused by giving unwarranted benefits, advantage or preference to such parties;

(5)          That the public officers have acted with manifest partiality, evident bad faith or gross inexcusable negligence.”

The herein respondent is a public officer within the meaning of the law.  He
caused undue injury to the government as well as to the private
complainant, who was a victim of the felony, when he erroneously
classified Ong and Du as mere accessories instead of principals.  Respondent gave unwarranted benefits to the accused in this case through gross negligence.

In order that one may be held
administratively (criminally) liable under the above-cited section, the
act of the respondent (accused) which caused undue injury must have been
done with evident bad faith or with gross inexcusable negligence.

[9]

Gross negligence has been defined as negligence
characterized by the want of even slight care, acting or omitting to act
in a situation where there is a duty to act, not inadvertently but
willfully and intentionally with a conscious indifference to
consequences in so far as other person may be affected.

It is the omission of that care which even inattentive and thoughtless men never fail to take on their own property.

Inefficiency implies negligence, incompetence, ignorance and carelessness.  A
person would be inexcusably negligent if he failed to observe in the
performance of his duties that diligence, prudence and circumspection
which the law requires in the rendition of public service.

This clearly shows that respondent herein is
remiss in the performance of his official duties and failed to exercise
due diligence in the exercise thereof, and completely disregarded or
failed to consider the evidence and circumstances attendant to the case
as well as his misappreciation of the provisions of law which he
administers and his relegation unto himself of the power which only the
trial court can exercise.

It is respondent’s duty to see to it that all the parties are accorded due process of law and not only the accused.  The victims whose rights have been violated have to be protected also.  By
reason of the office he holds, the respondent is expected to be more
circumspect and exhaustive in the investigation of the cases filed
before him.  He should see to it that justice is properly administered and that no party is prejudiced thereby.

THE PENALTY

There is substantial evidence on record
which shows that respondent Oscar B. Corpuz is liable for violation of
Section 3 (e), Republic Act 3019, as amended, in relation to Sec. 7
(a)(ii) and Sec. 7 (b)(v) of Department Circular No. 84, s. 2000, in
relation to Sec. 27 (i) of Rule XIV of the Omnibus Rules Implementing
Book V of Executive Order No. 292, for Gross Neglect of Duty,
Inefficiency and Incompetence in the Performance of Official Duties.

WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, the
Commission respectfully recommends to Her Excellency, President Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo, that respondent OSCAR B. CORPUZ, 1st Assistant City
Prosecutor of San Fernando, La Union be DISMISSED FROM SERVICE.

SO RESOLVED.”

After a careful review of the records
of the case, this Office affirms in toto the findings of the Commission
and holding the respondent GUILTY AS CHARGED for VIOLATION OF SECTION 3
(E) OF R.A. 3019 AS AMENDED, IN RELATION TO SEC. 7 (A)(II) AND SEC. 7
(B)(V) OF DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR NO. 84, S. 2000, IN RELATION TO SEC. 27
(I) OF RULE XIV OF THE OMNIBUS RULES IMPLEMENTING BOOK V OF EXECUTIVE
ORDER NO. 292, FOR GROSS NEGLECT OF DUTY, INEFFICIENCY AND INCOMPETENCE
IN THE PERFORMANCE OF OFFICIAL DUTIES.

WHEREFORE, in view of the foregoing
considerations, and as recommended by the Presidential Anti-Graft
Commission (PAGC), the penalty of DISMISSAL FROM SERVICE, is HEREBY
IMPOSED on respondent OSCAR B. CORPUZ, 1st ASSISTANT CITY PROSECUTOR OF
SAN FERNANDO, LA UNION.

SO ORDERED.

Adopted: 28 No. 2002

BY THE PRESIDENT:

(SGD.) ALBERTO G. ROMULO
Executive Secretary