THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, PLAINTIFF AND APPELLEE, VS. FRANCISCO FRANCISCO, DEFENDANT AND APPELLANT.

OSTRAND, J.:



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}This is an appeal from a judgment of the Court of First Instance of Manila
convicting the defendant of robbery and sentencing him to suffer six years, ten
months and one day of presidio mayor, with the accessory penalties, to indemnify
the offended party in the sum of P2, and to pay the costs.

It appears from the evidence that on August 7, 1923, the accused, Francisco
Francisco, who was then a sanitary inspector in the Philippine Health Service,
on inspecting the merchandise in Sy Ham’s store in Pasay, discovered that some
lard there exposed for sale contained some blackish substance and concluding
that the lard was unfit for consumption, he threatened to take it to the
municipal building unless Sy Ham paid him T2. Sy Ham, for fear that, if the
unclean lard was taken to the municipal building, he might be arrested,
prosecuted, and convicted, and would have to pay a fine of P15, chose the
alternative of complying with the defendant’s demands. The payment of the P2
was, however, not effected without considerable bargaining, Sy Ham first
offering , then P1.50 and finally paid the P2 when the defendant refused to
consider anything less.

Three days later the defendant again came to the store and reprehended Sy Ham
for having told others about the incident on August 7th; and on the following
day, August 11th, he returned accompanied by a policeman, Sy Ham maintains that
everything in the store was then clean as he, after the defendant’s second
visit, anticipated trouble and had taken special pains to have everything in the
store clean, but that the defendant, unnoticed by the policeman, put some
cigarette ashes in the supply of lard and also in some wine and after showing
the policeman the ashes in the lard confiscated it and lodged a complaint
against Sy Ham for infraction of the regulations of the Bureau of Health.

The evidence leaves no room for doubt as to the defendant’s guilt, but some
doubt has been expressed as to whether the offense committed is bribery, under
article 383 of the Penal Code, or whether it constitutes robbery, under
paragraph 5 of article 503 of the same Code. Upon this point we are bound by
numerous previous decisions of this court. (See, for instance, U. S. vs. Flores,
19 Phil., 178; U. S. vs. Osorio, 21 Phil., 237; U. S. vs. Martin, 23 Phil., 58;
U. S. vs. Sanchez, 26 Phil., 83; U. S. vs. Dedulo, 31 Phil., 298.)

The principal distinction between the two offenses is that in bribery the
transaction is mutual and voluntary; in the case of robbery the transaction is
neither voluntary nor mutual, but is consummated by the use of force or
intimidation. If the offended party in the present case had voluntarily offered
to pay the defendant the P2 the transaction would have constituted bribery. But
such is not this case. The defendant demanded the payment of the P2,
accompanying the demand with threats of prosecution and arrest and is therefore
guilty of robbery.

The sentence appealed from is affirmed, with the costs against the appellant.
So ordered.

Araullo, C. J., Street, Avancena, and Romualdez, JJ.,
concur.